home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- <text id=89TT2700>
- <title>
- Oct. 16, 1989: The Big Shift In School Finance
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1989
- Oct. 16, 1989 The Ivory Trail
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- EDUCATION, Page 48
- The Big Shift in School Finance
- </hdr><body>
- <p>A Texas case reignites a national debate over funding inequities
- </p>
- <p> Residents of the Edgewood Independent school district, a
- poor, largely Hispanic area in west San Antonio, are willing to
- pay for good schools. Property taxes are high -- almost $1 per
- $100 of assessed valuation. But because the district encompasses
- part of a tax-exempt Air Force base and lacks tony subdivisions,
- the tax rate translates into $3,596 per student. In the Santa
- Gertrude school district, located on the oil-rich King Ranch in
- south Texas, property taxes are low -- only 8 cents per $100 of
- assessed valuation -- but the total spent per student is
- $12,000.
- </p>
- <p> Disparities such as these prompted the Texas Supreme Court
- last week to declare the state's method of school finance
- unconstitutional. In a 9-to-0 decision, the court said the wide
- gaps between the richest and the poorest of Texas' 1,071
- districts violate a provision of the state constitution
- requiring an "efficient" education. Funneling resources to
- poorer districts would reduce some of these differences. But
- money alone is not enough. What Texas schools need, said the
- court, is an overhaul. "A Band-Aid will not suffice," said
- Justice Oscar H. Mauzy. "The system itself must be changed."
- </p>
- <p> The Texas decision, which affects the nation's second
- largest school system after California, is sure to breathe new
- life into the struggle for more uniform school financing around
- the country. But by calling for a basic shift in the way schools
- operate, the court changed the terms of the debate, emphasizing
- that inequities in funding are linked to inequities in the
- quality of education.
- </p>
- <p> The decision came less than a week after President George
- Bush and the nation's Governors huddled in Charlottesville, Va.,
- for an education summit that endorsed several of the same ideas
- -- radical restructuring of schools and creation of national
- performance goals. "The Texas ruling is consistent with the
- growing national expectations we are placing on schools," says
- Robert Berne, an associate dean at New York University.
- </p>
- <p> The push for uniform goals is relatively recent, however,
- while the movement for uniform financing is more than two
- decades old. Since 1973, when the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that
- equal access to education is not a fundamental right under the
- federal Constitution, at least ten states have seen their
- school-financing systems overturned under state-constitution
- provisions. In June the Kentucky Supreme Court struck down that
- state's financing methods, ordering the legislature not only to
- equalize spending but also to reorganize "the whole gamut of the
- common-school system."
- </p>
- <p> Such moves indicate that the once sacred principle of local
- control is rapidly going the way of McGuffey's Reader. "This
- nation was intensely committed to the idea that each district
- should be run by school boards unrelated to larger national
- purposes," says Ernest Boyer, president of the Carnegie
- Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. "Now we are moving
- toward the issue of how national interests can be served."
- </p>
- <p> Besides addressing broader goals, smoothing out financial
- differences could make "choice" -- a policy permitting parents
- to move their children from schools they do not like to ones
- they do -- more palatable to critics. Until now, the chief
- complaint has been that choice encourages parents to abandon
- poor inner-city schools. If every school got roughly the same
- funding, parents could make judgments based on nonmonetary
- concerns, and failing schools would have the resources to
- improve.
- </p>
- <p> At week's end Texas Governor Bill Clements and other state
- leaders were getting ready to appoint a special study group to
- prepare proposals for the legislature, which must come up with
- a new school-financing plan by May 1, 1990. Everything from a
- hike in state sales and tobacco taxes to a first-ever state
- income tax is expected to be on the table. Similar cases are
- pending in Alaska, Minnesota, North Dakota, Montana, Oregon,
- Tennessee and New Jersey. These efforts to equalize spending
- within states, however, may be just warm-ups for a far more
- radical notion: equalizing spending between states, a move some
- educators now consider inevitable.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
-
-